Nationalism, development and the state in Africa The Democracy and Governance Research Programme of the HSRC publishes an occasional paper series which is designed to offer timely contributions to debates, disseminate research findings, and engage otherwise with the broader research community. Authors invite comments and responses from readers. This paper was originally presented as a lecture in a series honouring Samuel C Nolutshungu. Samuel Nolutshungu studied at the University College of Fort Hare, from where he went on a scholarship to the University of Keele, where he obtained first class honours in politics and international relations. He took his PhD at the University of Manchester and lectured at the Universities of Lancaster, Ibadan, and Manchester before taking up the Frederick Douglas Chair in Political Science at Rochester University. He wrote on the international politics of Africa, particularly South Africa and Chad, and the politics of South Africa and Nigeria. In 1996, he was offered the Vice-Chancellorship of the University of the Witwatersrand but had to decline it for health reasons, and he died soon afterwards in 1997.