‘Moral Eyes is based on interviews with university students in four African countries: Cameroon, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and South Africa. Each country exemplifies a distinctive axis of discrimination and privilege—religion, language, ethnicity, and race—though with a good deal of intersectional overlap. The authors use the interviews to theorise about deep issues of injustice, history, and restitution. Through an emphasis on the historical dimension of contemporary injustice, they insightfully expand the familiar moral framework of victim-perpetrator-bystander to include “inheritors of unjust benefit” and “resisters”. In addition, significant differences in how historical memory plays out in these four countries are revealed. Global North readers, of whom I hope there will be many, will derive great illumination from seeing familiar issues of social justice discussed in a wholly African context, including a diversity unlikely to be familiar to these readers. Moral Eyes is a wonderful book and an excellent contribution to the literature on moral education, social justice, and the moral character of transitions to a more just society.’
Youth and justice in Cameroon, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and South Africa ‘Moral Eyes is based on interviews with university students in four African countries: Cameroon, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and South Africa. Each country exemplifies a distinctive axis of discrimination and privilege—religion, language, ethnicity, and race—though with a good deal of intersectional overlap. The authors use the interviews to theorise about deep issues of injustice, history, and restitution. Through an emphasis on the historical dimension of contemporary injustice, they insightfully expand the familiar moral framework of victim-perpetrator-bystander to include “inheritors of unjust benefit” and “resisters”. In addition, significant differences in how historical memory plays out in these four countries are revealed. Global North readers, of whom I hope there will be many, will derive great illumination from seeing familiar issues of social justice discussed in a wholly African context, including a diversity unlikely to be familiar to these readers. Moral Eyes is a wonderful book and an excellent contribution to the literature on moral education, social justice, and the moral character of transitions to a more just society.’
Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Note on race terminology
Chapter 1 Studying privilege and injustice: Why, how and from whose perspective
Introduction
Who conducted the research and where
Conceptual theories we draw on
Whose understandings of injustice we retell, and how
Limitations of our study
Structure of the book
PART I HISTORIES OF INJUSTICE
Chapter 2 Race in South Africa: The unravelling rainbow
Introduction
South Africa’s Apartheid history
The rise in critical consciousness among young South Africans
Contemporary moments
Conclusion
Chapter 3 Language and ‘the Anglophone Problem’ in Cameroon: A loveless marriage
Hope and despair in Cameroon
Other identity-based privileges
Language and Anglophone marginalisation: Historical background
Conclusion
Chapter 4 Ethnic conflict in Sierra Leone: A terrifying silence
Introduction
Historical background to ethno-politicisation
What has been done so far?
Other issues in Sierra Leone
Conclusion
Chapter 5 Interrelated fault lines of religion, ethno-politics and language in Nigeria:
Divided by rule
Introduction
A history of conflict and injustice
Context and issues through the participants’ eyes
PART II RESTITUTION
Chapter 6 How is speaking of restitution helpful?
Introduction
Thinking about restitution
Participants define restitution
The actions
Obstacles and impediments
What does it all mean?
Chapter 7 Locating selves and the past in the present
Introduction
The past in the present
Participants positioning of themselves through labels
Conclusion
Chapter 8 The moral role of victims
Introduction
Who are the victims?
Commonalities
The moral role of victims in bringing about justice
Conclusion
Chapter 9 Tracing spider webs: The role of privilege in injustice
Introduction
What is privilege?
The blinding power of privilege: Failure of individual responsibility
Radical reflexivity and consciousness in action
Conclusion
Chapter 10 Ostriches: Knowing but failing to act
Introduction
Knowledge and action
Revisiting the duty of rescue
Bridging the knowledge–action gap: ‘Everyday acts’
Examples of everyday action
Conclusion
PART III A THEORY OF CHANGE
Chapter 11 How change happens: Seeing and acting
Introduction
Ways of seeing
Theory of action: The centrality of personhood
Seeing and acting: The Swartz pentangle
Dialogue that links knowledge and action
Conclusion
Chapter 12 The possibility of emancipatory narrative research
Introduction
Research as intervention in Cameroon, Sierra Leone and Nigeria
Research as intervention in South Africa
Conclusion and recommendations
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Characteristics of participants
Appendix 2 Information sheet and consent form
Appendix 3 Research instruments for each country
Reference list
Author Biographies
Index