Changing Modes

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New knowledge production and its implications for higher education in South Africa This book examines the influence of an important body of international literature on the development of post-apartheid policies in higher education and training and in science and technology. Known as the 'Mode 2' knowledge debate, it refers to the emergence of a new mode of knowledge production which is taking shape outside of existing academic disciplines and, in part, outside of the insularity of the traditional higher education institution. This new approach has its origins in the synergy and cross-fertilisation taking place in the interstices between established disciplines, and in the interaction of higher education scientists with other knowledge practitioners from government, business and civil society. Changing Modes also examines a related phenomenon, the so-called 'massification' and democratisation of higher education world wide over the past two decades. The opening up of access to higher education to a wider array of social classes and age groups, with students from a diverse range of life and work experiences, has led to an equivalent shift in the 'higher learning' function of institutions. There has been a move away from the elite cultures and expert knowledges of privileged middle class (the traditional constituency of elite institutions), to incorporate the values of non-elite communities, particularly the practical competencies required in semi-professional, professional and community life. The book outlines the debate and controversies which the Mode Two thesis has triggered, chief amongst these being the question of whether Mode 2 knowledge privileges research at the expense of teaching, and whether Mode Two research will lead to the greater commercialisation of knowledge production in South African higher education institutions.

Preface
Contributors
Abbreviations

1. Changing Modes: A Brief Overview of the ‘Mode 2’ Knowledge Debate and Its Impact on South African Policy Formulation
Andre Kraak

2. Universities and the New Production of Knowledge: Some Policy Implications for Government
Michael Gibbons

3. Fashions, Lock-ins and the Heterogeneity of Knowledge Production
Arie Rip

4. What Knowledge is of the Most Worth for the Millenial Citizen?
Johan Muller

5. Complementing the Marketisation of Higher Education: New Modes of Knowledge Production in Community-Higher Education Partnerships
George Subotzky

6. Investigating New Knowledge Production: A South African Higher Education Survey
Andre Kraak

7. Mode 2 Knowledge and Institutional Life: Taking Gibbons on a Walk Through a South African University
Jonathan D. Jansen

Bibliography
Appendix: Some Attributes of Knowledge Production in Mode 2

Dr Andre Kraak is the Executive Director of the Education, Science and Skills Development Research Programme at the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). Before joining the HSRC, he held three different posts at the University of the Western Cape from 1987 TO 1997. He served as senior lecturer in Comparative Education, Head of the Academic Planning Unit, and coordinator of the MPhil Programme on Governance.